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E.S Second Semester Syllabus

Unit 1: Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies

Unit 2: Natural Resources

  1. Forest Resource: 
  2. Water Resources: 
  3. Mineral Resources: 
  4. Food Resources: 
  5. Energy Resources: 
  6. Land Resources:
  • Role of an individual in Conservation of Natural Resources
  • Equitable use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyle

Unit 3: Ecosystems

                   a) Forest ecosystem
                   b) Grassland ecosystem
                   c) Desert ecosystem
                   d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit 4: Biodiversity and Its Conservation

  • Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
  • Biogeographical classification of India
  • Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values
  • Biodiversity at global, National and local levels.
  • India as a mega-diversity nation
  • Hot-spots of biodiversity.
  • Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts.
  • Endangered and endemic species of India
  • Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Unit 5 : Environmental Pollution

1. Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of ;
  • Air pollution
  • Water pollution
  • Soil pollution
  • Marine pollution
  • Noise pollution
  • Thermal pollution
  • Nuclear hazards

2. Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.
3. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
4. Pollution case studies.
5. Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit 6: Social Issues and the Environment

  • From Unsustainable to Sustainable development
  • Urban problems related to energy
  • Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management
  • Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies
  • Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions.
  • Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies.
  • Wasteland reclamation.
  • Consumerism and waste products.
  • Environment Protection Act.
  • Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
  • Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act.
  • Wildlife Protection Act.
  • Forest Conservation Act.
  • Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.
  • Public awareness.

Unit 7: Human Population and the Environment

  • Population growth, variation among nations
  • Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme VII
  • Environment and human health
  • Human Rights
  • Value Education
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Women and Child Welfare
  • Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health
  • Case Studies
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