State Governments of India

State governments in India are the governments ruling States of India and the main minsters in the state are the chief ministers. 

Power is divided between central government and state governments. While central government handles Military, external affairs etc., the state government controls internal police security etc. Income for central govt. are through Customs duty, excise tax, income tax etc., while state govt income comes from sales tax(VAT), stamp duty etc.

Sarkaria Commission was set up to review power balance between states and the union. Central government can replace state government with President's rule if required. The state of Jammu and Kashmir has higher autonomy compared to other states by Article 370.

Thus the State Government has three organs :

Legislature

All elected as well as nominated members of Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council form legislature. All eligible voters send their nominees to the Legislative As­sembly. The majority party is identified and its leader is asked to form the Government. He is called Chief Minister. He forms, the Council of Ministers and requests the Governor to make appointments as suggested.

Executive

The executive of the State consists of the Governor and the Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at its head. It functions very much like the Central Government except on certain points. There are three type of Ministers in it. They are :

1. Minister of first rank called Cabinet Minister
2. State Ministers
3. Deputy Ministers.

They are responsible for the smooth functioning of the Government.

Judiciary

Chief Justice of the High Court and his fellow Judges and District Courts form the Judiciary.